Beginning in tunisia, and spreading to as many as seventeen arab countries, the street protests of the arab spring in 2011 empowered citizens and banished. At the time of writing, the arab spring has seen the collapse of four heads of the regions authoritarian regimes. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d. Demystifying the arab spring uc san diego social sciences.
Womens rights and the arab spring middle eastnorth africa overview and fact sheet successful uprisings in tunisia and egypt in the last year have sparked movements against dictatorships across the middle east, north africa, and the gulf region. Pathways of repression and reform 2015 and of counting islam. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. Egypt, libya, syria, and yemen quickly emulated tunisias example, giving hope to the citizens of those countries that major political and economic transformations were underway. Gamal abdel nasser s defeat brought anwar sadat to power after nassers death in 1970.
The common slogan of the protesters throughout arab spring was the people want to bring down the regime aissa, 2012. Pdf egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been. Ascendancy frustrated gulf research center regional politics is now more complicated, with crosscutting alliances and linkages and multiple issues, sectarian, territorial, and political. The influence of displeasure explosion against governments in tunisia, libya and egypt, known as arab spring, on the situation in syria was described. Nahid afrose kabir1 he arab spring was a civil uprising mainly of arab youths in tunisia and egypt. The arab spring has reenergized egypts research community, salama said, and created new opportunities for international exchange and innovation. According to scholars of the university of warsaw, the arab spring fully devolved into the arab winter four years after its onset, in 2014. The geopolitics of the region grc paper the arab spring has yet to give way to the hopedfor glorious summer, but for iran it has already turned into a winter of discontent. Along with the decrease in production, the demographic boom was. Saudi arabia and the arab spring ren rieger gulf research center context, the decisive factors are geographic proximity, the nature of the concerned states political system, and the quality of the particular regimes relations with the kingdom and iran. At the eve of the arab spring, one out of four egyptians and tunisians young was out of employment. Cable news is often accussed of catering to specific audiences, biased reporting and a variety of other criticisms. We locate the roots of the regiosns longterm economic failure in a statist. Between january and february 2011, ben ali in tunisia and hosni mubarak in egypt were overthrown by unprecedented mass mobilisations.
What the arab spring means for sudan with regime change in egypt and libya, and a similar shift in policy on syria, the time has come to consider whether sudans track record of war crimes and rapidly worsening. Socioeconomic challenges and opportunities report summary by maria cristina paciello abstract the research focuses on three case studies algeria, egypt and tunisia and aims to. Egypt, tunisia and yemen were much more severely affected. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract.
The long and winding road to democracy is a culmination of several years work, starting from the beginnings of the egyptian revolution. Womens rights and the arab spring middle eastnorth. Arab spring arab spring arising in large part in reaction to economic stresses, societal changes, and entrenched corrupt and repressive rule, the arab spring began in tunisia in dec. T wentyfive years ago, in this journals first foray into the politics of the arab world, the gifted scholar daniel brumberg sounded a hopeful. Jason brownlee and andrew reynolds, of the arab spring. Cable networks have played a large role covering the arab spring in the united states. Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the. The economic consequences of the arab spring by mohsin khan atlantic council rafik hariri center for the middle east the popular uprisings that swept the middle east in early 2011 dramatically altered the political landscape of the region with the overthrow of autocratic regimes in egypt, libya, tunisia, and yemen. Muslim brotherhood president, by a combination of popular re jection and military muscle. The arab spring and the subsequent wars in the region temporarily weakened ruling regimes egypt or led to the collapse of regional powers syria, libya, while the rise of daesh or the socalled islamic state of iraq and syria isis put the. Arab spring as a background of civil war in syria in.
Of the four major arab spring protests analyzedtunisia, egypt, libya, and. Most causes of the 2011 egyptian revolution against mubarak also existed in 1952, when the free officers ousted king farouk. The role of information communication technologies in the arab spring implications beyond the region ponars eurasia policy memo no. Ascendancy frustrated gulf research center 5 introduction.
The arab spring movement has captivated the world over the past few years. The attention on escalation of tensions between bashar alassads government and opposition as a source of civil war in syria was paid. Squares of sanaa, the yemeni capital, and of egypt s great metropolis, cairo, an d s warmed the be. Ben alis in tunisia on 17 january, mubaraks in egypt on 11 february, qadhafis in libya on 23 august, and saleh in yemen. The events that began in tunisia in january 2011 and spread to. Cnn, fox news and msnbc are the three most watched cable networks and the ones that face the most scrutiny. Causes of the arab spring causes of the arab spring may be described as following. Pdf this article explores the economic underpinnings of the arab spring. We have the vision to apply scientific solutions to our societys health needs and to support a knowledgebased country, he explained. Events referred to as the arab winter include those in egypt that led to the removal of mohamed morsi and the seizure of power by general abdel fattah elsisi in an antimuslim brotherhood campaign.
What the arab uprising protesters really wanted the. Women played their part as leaders and participants, and were not spared the backlash suffering arrests, sexual harassment and even death. Many of the arab spring countries bahrain, yemen, jordan, egypt, morocco saw. Experts and observers even suggested that this revolution is the biggest event since the cold war. Milaff alahram alistiratiji alahram strategic file. Case studies of tunisia and egypt abdulsattar, tammam omer msc. Social networks and internet along with cell phones played significant role in these states to uphold uprisings. Oct 19, 2015 what the arab uprising protesters really wanted. Iran finds its revolutionary message diluted and overtaken by events. The 2007 national strategy for maintaining integrity and combating corruption had already provided for the setting up of a national anticorruption body. In the 2011 arab spring protests, social media networks played an important role in the rapid disintegration of at least two regimes, tunisia and egypt, while also contributing to sociopolitical mobilization in bahrain and syria. Tunisia and the arab spring overview students begin this lesson by discussing the concept of freedom and the attributes of countries that embrace or deny freedom. Egyptian military is not only in charge of the defence of the country but also.
In early 2011, the socalled arab spring had begun in tunisia, and after the downfall of the zine elabidine binali regime, a huge wave of revolutionary movements across egypt led to the resignation of the autocratic leader president mohammad hosni mubarak and his removal from power. Within this context, students will then learn about the arab spring through a powerpoint centered discussion, political cartoons, and a series of news articles. Tunisia and the arab spring overview nc essential standards. Arab spring used their powers vehemently to crush the demonstrators and consequently the peaceful protesters also became violent. Egypt arab spring libguides at university of illinois at urbana. Ultimately, however, i argue that the contagion of the arab spring revolu. Demystifying the arab spring parsing the differences between tunisia, egypt, and libya lisa anderson in tunisia, protesters escalated calls for the restoration of the countrys suspended constitution.
Spring bring the arab states together in a way they had rarely been before, but that it also provided examples and warnings which were rapidly passed from one state to another across north africa and the rest of the middle east. Nahid afrose kabir 1 he arab spring was a civil uprising mainly of arab youths in tunisia and egypt which commenced in december 2010 and january 2011 respectively. The arab spring in egypt religious literacy project. Revolution and beyond on your kindle in under a minute. The highest levels of violence were reported in libya and syria. Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region. Of the four major arab spring protests analyzedtunisia, egypt, libya, and bahrain large differences were found across the four in the amount of information consumed via social media. Gulf and eu migration policies after the arab uprisings. The role of information communication technologies in the. The coup in egypt in july 20 was a turning point with turkey and key. This po l i c y br i e f attempts to analyze whether and how the arab spring might affect regional foreign and security policies in the context of con. New media and conflict after the arab spring united states.
Nationalism in the arab spring expression, effects on transitions, and implications for the middle east state a comparative analysis of egypt and libya by danielle bella ellison yale university department of political science senior essay plsc 419. Spring, egypt, women and the arab spring, agents of change and the. The arab spring and climate change does not argue that climate change caused the revolutions that have shaken the arab world over the past two years. But the essays collected in this slim volume make a compelling case that the consequences of climate change are stressors that can ignite a volatile mix of underlying causes. The response of the russian government to these events has, like. Within a few months, a wave of protest had swept away the despots of tunisia, egypt and libya. Triggers, dynamics and prospects stephan rosiny on 17 december 2010, the selfimmolation of tunisian vegetable vendor mohammed bouazizi sparked the arab spring.
Later, similar rebellions followed in libya, bahrain, syria and yemen. The reasons and economic and political consequences of arab spring 43 egypt, where arab spring lasted longer, is one of the largest countries in africa with its advantages such as its location, tourism revenues and logistics moaddel, 2012. Journal of economic perspectivesvolume 26, number 2spring 2012pages 167188 i nn december 2010, the selfimmolation of a tunisian fruit vendor sparked what december 2010, the selfimmolation of a tunisian fruit vendor sparked what hhas come to be termed the arab spring. Aa ninth country, iran, is from the broader middle east region and has been the site ninth country, iran, is from the broader middle east region. Zulkuf aydin sep 2015, 108 pages arab spring is a political concept that spread widely in the media and academic art publications. The us found itself a bystander in the region during the arab spring, failing to anticipate it, but given its.
Its causes and consequences 3 arab countries barany, 2011. In 2011 during the arab spring uprising, egyptians believed in the possibility of greater freedom. Arab spring provides new opportunities for us collaborations. Though many commentators have warned that the arab spring is turning into an. Saudi arabia and the arab spring ren rieger gulf research center arab spring as well as by the growing popular displeasure about the widespread corruption in the kingdom.
A bumpy road ahead pdf by hassan hakimian, director of the london middle east institute and reader, economics department, soas underscores the underlying importance of the economic conditions facing the new republics, such as egypt and tunisia, which are emerging as a result of the arab spring. How the arab spring movement has been covered by cnn, fox. To move beyond this arab spring legacy and regain a reputation for mediation and diplomacy, qatar may well have to step back from the regional leadership that was characteristic of dohas policies during and after the arab spring, and act instead as a facilitator of dialogue and quiet negotia. Regime changes have occurred in tunisia, egypt, and libya, while movements cnntinue to grow in both those countries as well as bahrain, syria, and yemen. Expanded beyond these cases, consideration of the role of nationalism in the arab spring posits a prediction that, even if troubling, is worth reflecting upon. Beyond the arab spring 2 restricted competition models1 where winning is a means, political parties generally seek to win elections and assume executive power. The term arab spring, while controversial, has come to represent the events that have rocked this region since the beginning of 2011. List of books and articles about arab spring online.
New media and conflict after the arab spring the web site cannot. A new cause of the arab spring is the increase in population, which increased unemployment. Mass media declared the arab spring as social network revolutions tucker, 2012. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011. Egypt jordan oman palestine saudiarabia iraq algeria qatar iraq 3 3 prison population rate per 100,000 of national population after the arab spring. Journal of women and human rights in the middle east. Unlike 911, the arab spring is attributable to deep and widespread sociological causes e. However, the arab world is currently experiencing massive. The first sign along the road to mubarak was the 1967 war between egypt and israel. The arab spring has reenergized egypt s research community, salama said, and created new opportunities for international exchange and innovation. Inspired by the tunisian and the egyptian revolutions, a wave of popular protest has spread to other arab countries, but not all regimes have met similar fates. This pdf document is a list of the arabic materials that are available at the university of illinois in regards to egypts role in.
Get your kindle here, or download a free kindle reading app. European union institute for security studies may 2017 1 when the arab spring occurred in 2011, many observers both in the middle east and north africa menaope,and saweur the. This wellresearched and widelycited analysis of the revolution is a seminal piece that provides unmatched insight into recent events in egypt and the middle east. Meanwhile, egyptians rose in revolt as strikes across the country brought daily life to a halt and toppled the government. Cable news is often accussed of catering to specific audiences, biased reporting and a variety. Egypt and tunis are among the uppermost states of the region in which figure of internet users is elevated tucker, 2012.
Egypt and then libya, jordan, morocco, bahrain, syria, and beyond. It focuses on youth from morocco, tunisia, egypt, palestine, lebanon and turkey, during the key period of the arab uprisings and their aftermath. Revolution and counterrevolution in the arab spring. Apr 03, 2012 the russian government, like its counterparts in the west, the middle east, and elsewhere, was caught off guard by the outburst of arab uprisings beginning in january 2011 that swept away longruling authoritarian regimes in tunisia, egypt, libya, and it appears yemen, and have threatened to topple those in bahrain and syria. What the arab spring means for sudan enough project. The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab uprisings, particularly the early ones. Chloe mulderig abstract many scholars have focused on the political factors in particular, the desire for regime change and democratization as central motivations for the arab spring revolutions of 2011. The arab spring refers to a period of protests beginning on december 18, 2010 in tunisia, which quickly spread to numerous other arab nations and resulted in regime change in tunisia, libya, egypt, and yemen, and repression andor violence in syria, bahrain, sudan, and elsewhere. In egypt, protests and strikes began on january 25, 2011. The gaddafi archives libya before the arab spring view gallery an exhibition of photographs, documents and artefacts from the human rights watch archive paints a portrait of libya in the four decades prior to the arab spring.
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